4 bytes of number, 24 bytes of machinery to support dynamism. a + b means: dereference two heap pointers, look up type slots, dispatch to int.__add__, allocate a new PyObject for the result (unless it hits the small-integer cache), update reference counts. CPython 3.11+ mitigates this with adaptive specialization -- hot bytecodes like BINARY_OP_ADD_INT skip the dispatch for known types -- but the overhead is still there for the general case. One number isn't slow. Millions in a loop are.
This post is part of a series.。业内人士推荐chatGPT官网入口作为进阶阅读
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Speaking at the same news conference, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth called the crew heroes.